
They are inputs to the optimization rather than adjustments made afterwards. Minimum order quantities (MOQ) at product and supplier level, lot sizes, purchasing units, value-based minimums, full truck loads and full container loads are all modelled, so the order proposal a planner opens in the morning already satisfies them.
When a load needs completing, the plan recommends which additional references to add, ranked by need rather than by convenience, and can work in whole multiples with an upper limit on how many containers a single supplier ships at once. Grouping rules allow consolidation by supplier, port of departure or requested delivery date.
Because the underlying forecast is probabilistic, these constraint decisions are made against a distribution of possible demand rather than a single-point estimate, which is what makes the fill choice defensible instead of arbitrary.