Does resilience mean holding more inventory?

No. With probabilistic planning, resilience often leads to less inventory and better service. The mechanism is straightforward: traditional safety stock applies blanket coverage based on static rules, which over-covers stable SKUs and under-covers variable ones. Probabilistic planning sizes the buffer to the actual demand uncertainty of each SKU period, so working capital concentrates where it really protects service and shrinks elsewhere. The net effect is that resilience and lean inventory become complementary rather than opposed. Holding more stock is rarely the cheapest path to resilience: holding the right stock, in the right locations, with logic that adapts to volatility, almost always is.